INO Glossary: Shiva
Shiva, also revered as Mahadeva or Maheshvara, is one of India’s three principal deities, alongside Brahma and Vishnu. Known as “the destroyer,” his name also translates to “the Auspicious One,” embodying both transformative and benevolent qualities.
Divine Persona
Often depicted as a deity of mountains and forests, Shiva resides in the Himalayas with his consort, Parvati (also called Uma). He is the patron of hermits, yogis, wandering sadhus, and those who live beyond societal norms, symbolizing a life dedicated to spiritual pursuit.
Iconography and Symbols
Shiva’s mount is the bull, Nandi. He is typically portrayed with a third eye and a crescent moon adorning his head. In North India, his symbol is the trident and the snake; in South India, the antelope and the axe. Shiva is widely worshipped in the form of the lingam, a sacred symbol representing his divine essence.
Spiritual Significance
Shiva embodies the Supreme Reality, or pure consciousness (chaitanya). He wields three primal powers (shaktis): Jnana (Knowledge), Iccha (Will), and Kriya (Action). His worship guides devotees toward transcendence and liberation (moksha), offering a path to spiritual freedom.
